Moribana evolved at the end
of the 19th century under Western influence. Moribana is a compound word
consisting of the verb 'moru' (pile-up), and the noun 'hana' (flower).
It is literally translated to 'piled-up flowers.’ Moribana calls for a kenzan
(needlepoint holder) to secure the materials in place. The use of a kenzan allows
a much freer and fuller arrangement than the classical forms of ikebana and it
also allows for greater choices in materials including many exotic flowers. Although moribana
is a more relaxed and less restricted form than the classical arrangements, its aim is to
express the same natural beauty as in rikka and shoka arrangements, only
in a more direct and simplified manner. To do so, the artist should examine each plant
material carefully to determine its intrinsic nature and should arrange with respect for
the natural growing forms of the plants. For instance, when tree, flower, and grass
materials are being combined, tree materials are to be the tallest, flower the next
tallest, and grass the shortest. Materials should be used as nature uses them.Moribana arrangement is based on asymmetrical placement of three principal elements: Shin (primary branch), Soe (secondary branch), and Tai (tertiary branch). Their proportions are 7, 5, and 3, respectively. In order to have these three main branches enhance one another, they must be arranged to face one another. Special attention should be given to the placement of each material so that the mizugiwa (water edge) of the finished arrangement is tight and slim. Thus, the arrangement suggests a strength and energy and produces an attractive and lively effect. The concept of mizugiwa or water line was originally used for rikka and shoka style in which the stems are arranged tightly together 2 - 3 inches above the mouth of the container.
Besides these three principle elements or main branches, ashirai (supplements) can be added as needed. The three main branches form the framework of the arrangement, and ashirai are fillers to complete the arrangement. Other functions of ashirai are:
- To reinforce the movements of the main branches
- To create 7 - 5 - 3 proportion among the main branches
- To give added colors, textures, and movements to enhance the arrangement
- To integrate all the elements to produce a unified arrangement
- To add volume to create a successful three dimensional effect
